Knowledge Sharing

Knowledge Sharing

Various definitions of the notion of knowledge expressed. Knowledge is not a data or information, but may be associated with both (Davenport and Prusak, 2000). Knowledge is defined as: a fluid mix of framed experience, values, contextual information, and expert insight that provides a framework for Evaluating and incorporating new experiences and information. It origins and is applied in the minds of knowers. In organization, it Often Becomes embedded not only in documents or repositories created also in organizational routines, processs, practices, and norms (Davenport and Prusak, 1998).

Knowledge sharing is defined as an exchange of knowledge between two individuals, one who communicates knowledge, a more assimilate knowledge (Jacobson, 2006). Another study defines knowledge sharing as "the exchange or transfer process of fact, opinions, ideas, theories, and models princples within and between Organizations include trial and error, feedback, and mutual adjustment of both the sender and receiver of knowledge '(Szulanski, 1996). Above definition expanded again with the statement that knowledge sharingmerupakan process by which individuals collectively and iteratively improve a thought, idea, or suggestion as directed experience (West and Mayer, 1997). Gasasan initially be progressively modified or rejected continuously until the joint perspective appears. Ireland, Hitt and Vaidyanath (2002) define it as the process of developing, transfer, integrate and use knowledge effectively and efficiently.

Hooff and Ridder (2004) provide an understanding of knowledge sharing as a process where individuals mutually exchange their knowledge (tacit and explicit) in an integrated and create new knowledge. This definition illustrates that dlihat terms of knowledge sharing behavior consists of two things:

Donating knowledge of how to communicate a person's individual intellectual model to another.

collecting knowledge, ie how does one consult with the other party to perform individual intellectual model owned.

Absorptive capacity

This concept was first introduced by Cohen and Levinthal (1990). Absorptive capacity is defined as a firm's ability to identify, assimilate, and exploit knowledge from the external environment. The definition was developed further as the ability to recognize the value of new information, assimilate, and apply it commercially (Cohen and Levinthal, 1990). The concept was expanded with the introduction of an additional component in the absorptive capacity, ie the transformation of knowledge (Zahra and George, 2002). Transforming knowledge is defined as the ability of the company to develop a routine that facilitates the combination of existing knowledge with new knowledge that has been acquired and assimilated knowledge. So the dimensions according to Zahra and George had four different dimensions but complementary, ie acquisition, assimilation, transformation and exploitation. Kapabillitas acquisition and assimilation are the dimensions of the capacity of 'potential' (potential absorptive capacity) and the transformation and exploitation capabilities is the capacity dimension "realized" (Realized absorptive capacity) (Zahra and George, 2002). Potential absorptive capacity captures the description of Cohen and Levinthal company capabilities to assess and acquire external knowledge but does not guarantee the exploitation of this knowledge.

Zahra and George (2002) proposed a model linking antecedents, moderators, and outcomes. These models raise external sources of knowledge and experience as the primary antecedents of absorptive capacity. Zahra and George (2002) linking these dimensions and discuss how the dimensions of absorptive capacity needed is affected by the external environment.